In Poland psychoanalytic psychotherapy is offered to cancer patients relatively rarely. Factors contributing to this situation involve time constraints in providing therapeutic procedures in the health care system, wider access to other forms of support and characteristics of work with people suffering from somatic disorders. Literature referring to the psychoanalytic approach towards the patients with somatic disorders and psychoanalytic therapy for oncology patients is limited in Poland and worldwide. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy may not only serve as a tool helping patients to cope with the difficulties that they face fighting the disease but also enables them to live a better and more mindful life afterwards. The aim of the article is to present selected areas of therapeutic work conducted in a sample cancer patient undergoing clinical treatment. The article shows the way in which therapy focused on the exploration of patients’ unconsciousness may influence the clinical treatment process.